![]() ![]() 9 His call to action was reiterated by Cal Sia, MD, in the 1992 Jacobi Award address, in part on the basis of his experience with a pioneering initiative to take home visiting statewide as a tool for preventing child abuse and neglect in the Hawaii Healthy Start effort. 8 He suggested that integral to the provision of every child's right to comprehensive care is the assignment of a home health visitor who would work with the family until each child began school. Henry Kempe, MD, called for a home visitor for every pregnant mother and preschool-aged child in his 1978 Abraham Jacobi Award address. In the last quarter of the 20th century, home visiting gained renewed attention as a strategy for prevention of child abuse and neglect, promotion of child development and parental effectiveness, and reduction of health disparities. 5 In some European countries, many traditional child health-promotion services of American pediatricians are provided by public health nurses, often within the home. France provides free prenatal care and home visits by midwives or nurses who educate families about smoking, nutrition, drug use, housing, and other health-related issues. 4 Denmark established home visiting in 1937 after a pilot program showed lower infant mortality rates associated with home visiting. At the beginning of the 20th century, successful reductions in mortality from summer diarrhea in central New York City were demonstrated after using student nurses in the home to instruct mothers about hygiene and breastfeeding. 2, 3 Home visiting existed in the United States in the 1880s when public health nurses and social workers provided in-home education and health care to urban women and children. Home visiting is deeply rooted in history, going back at least to Elizabethan times in England and endorsed as a strategy by Florence Nightingale in the 19th century. ![]()
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